Chikoo/Sapota - Health benefits, application, chemical constituents, side effects and many more

 

 Chikoo/Sapota/Sapodilla

Nature has blessed us with a wonderful flora and fauna, which has made our life beautiful. One of these wonders is a sapodilla fruit. Sapodilla, commonly known as Chickoo is such a fruit, which has a sweet taste that resembles a mixed flavour of brown sugar and beet root. It is liked by people of all ages. Sapodilla plum (Achras sapota or Manilkara zapota) is a tropical evergreen fruit tree belonging to the family of sapotaceae used in traditional system of Indian medicine. Ripe sapodilla fruits are eaten, which are rich in calories and contain sugars, acids, protein, phenolics, carotenoids and ascorbic acid and possess high antioxidant properties.

It shows anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-bacterial, anti-parasitic, anti-fungal, antiglycative, hypocholesterolemic analgesic and spermicidal activities

            Click here for more information about Anti-oxidant and free radical

Marathi name(chikoo),  Hindi name(Chikoo),  English name(Sapodilla , Bully Tree, Chicle, Chico Sapote, Chiku, Marmalade Plum, and Sapote),  Malayalam and telgu(Sapota, Sapotasima),  Kann.............................read more



Properties 

  • Taste– sweet
  • Properties – light
  • Potency – cold
  • Taste conversation after digestion – sweet
  • Effect on Tridosha – Vata & Pitta balancing and Kapha increasing

             Click here for more information about Tridosha



Vitamin and mineral content

  • Vitamin : B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B9, C
  • Mineral : Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sodium, Zinc
  • Chikoo is reported with presence of polyphenolic compounds like tannins and flavonoids (9). Also, triterpenes were previously isolated from these fruits. Its methanolic extracts contain dihydromyricetin, quercitrin, myricitrin, catechins and gallic acid. Recently some novel triterpenes have been identified as 4-caffeoylquinic acid (cryptochlorogenic acid), lupeol-3-acetate, met.............................read more




Benefits, application and uses

1) The decoction of young fruits along with flowers is used to treat diarrhea, dysentery and pulmonary diseases because of its high tannin contain.

                 - antidiarrhoeal activity of the extract may be due to the increase of the re-absorption of electrolytes and water from gastrointestinal tract or inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis. Antidiarrhoel effect may be seen due to the presence of flavonoids, and saponins.


2) The leaves and fruits of sapodilla have been used in traditional medicine to treat several diseases 


3) Sapodilla fruit is mainly consumed fresh as a dessert due to its pleasant sweet flavor and aroma. Sometimes the fruit is chilled prior to eating which improves its flavor. The flesh is sometimes used to make sherbets, ice cream or is eaten as dried fruit in India. Some people make syrup and vinegar from the sapodilla juice and jams from the flesh.


4) Tea from old leaves is used to treat coughs, colds and diarrhea. 

                  - crushed seeds are used as a diuretic, sedative, sopoforic and for kidney stones. 

                  - The latex can be used to fill tooth cavities temporarily and the bark can be used to make tea for treating fevers.


5) The sapota seed oil is extracted and mixed with sesame oil in 1:4 ratio. This nourishes the scalp by pacifying irritated skin. Thus it promotes healthy hair growth and prevents hair fall.

              Click here for more information about Sesame seed/oil


6) Sapodilla fruit can be beneficial for individuals with constipation or irregular bowel movements. The dietary fiber present in sapodilla fruit has water-holding capacity that provides bulk and volume to the stools, reduces pressure and helps in passing stool easily. 


7) Seeds contain saponins and quercitin, used as tonic, antibacterial, antipyretic, febrifuge and laxative. While, seed paste is effective against stings and venomous bites, seed juice is known to have diuretic and antihistamine qualities, effective against anxiety and depression, removes bladder and kidneys stone.


8) The Chickoo fruit reduces inflammation and pain in gastritis, reflux oesophagitis and bowel disorders. Paste of seeds of sapodilla is used to alleviate pain and inflammation due to stings and bites. 

               - Anti-inflammatory activity of Manilkara zapota may be due to inhibition ofrelease of histamine and serotonin. Inhibition of biosynthesis of prostaglandins by inhibiting cyclooxygenase pathway may also contribute for both anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic activities. Anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic activities of the leaves of the plant could be attributed to the active constituents like lupeol acetate, oleanolic acid; apigenin-7-O-Ξ±-L-rhamnoside and myricetin-3-O-Ξ±-L-rhamnoside present in the Manilkara zapota leaves.



9) It is useful in pregnancy due to its high nutritional content. It reduces weakness, nausea and dizziness and prevents anaemia.


10) Sapota seed oil is mixed with sesame oil in 1:4 ratio. This nourishes the scalp by pacifying irritated skin. Thus it promotes healthy hair growth and prevents hair fall. 

         Click here to explore more about Sesame oil


11) Leaf decoction in wound healing and mouth ulcers : Mature green leaves are collected. 3 – 4 leaves are added with 600 ml wa.............................read more



Side effects: 




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Reference : 

1) Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences.   2020 Feb; 23(2): 224–235.  PMCID: PMC7211360

2) Scientific Reports. 2014; 4: 6147.   Published online 2014 Aug 21.   PMCID: PMC4139949

3) Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences.   Published online 2020 May 11.   PMCID: PMC7451601

4) Postharvest Biology and Technology of Tropical and Subtropical Fruits.   Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science, Technology and Nutrition ; 2011, Pages 351-362, 363e

5) International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology.  ISSN: 2454-132X   (Volume 3, Issue 6)

6) Int. J. Res. Ayurveda Pharm. 6(4), July – August 2015

7) Horticultural Reviews, Volume 45, First Edition. 

8) Journal of Food Biochemistry31(2007) 399–414.

9) Local tradition and knowledge

10) NCBI

11) PUBMED

12) Wikipedia

13) International Journal of Food Science and Nutrition. Volume 3; Issue 1; January 2018; Page No. 184-187. ISSN: 2455-4898 

14) Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(1): 1711-1717

15) Int. J. Res. Pharm. Sci., 2022, 13(1), 79-85


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